Citric Acid Monohydrate is denser than water and has an acidic flavour. It is seen as colourless, odourless crystals. Propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with a hydroxy group at position 2 is tricarboxylic acid, and this is known as citric acid monohydrate. It is a crucial metabolite in every aerobic organism's metabolic process. It functions as a basic metabolite, a chelator, an antibacterial, and a regulator of food acidity. This acid is the conjugate of a citrate anion and a citrate(1-).

Certain strains of Aspergillus niger are used in the commercial microbial manufacture of citric acid monohydrate, which is produced on the surface of a solution containing salt and sucrose.